Essay Victims Movement - 816 Words

Stacy Barron Intro to Victims Advocacy The Victims Right Movement Wayne Skinner Everest University Victimology in its most simple form is the study of the victim or victims of a particular offender (Roberson. amp; Wallace, 2011). I feel that the Victims’ Movement has not yet reached its full potential because just like every form of law, legislature or even government there is always ways to improve and to become stronger. Much like when we started to form our government it had so many flaws and it still today has the ability to improve. The problem is that as society changes and crime changes the laws and the system have to change with it in order for things to improve. When it comes to crimes it isn’t just the victim that is†¦show more content†¦Are there ways to continue to be effective? I feel that there are ways to ensure that the Victims Movement reaches its absolute full potential and to ensure that nobody goes unnoticed that may need such programs. I feel that it is important to have contingency plans and goals to achieve success. First continue to get the word out, be the voice for the people who may not have their own anymore. With the MADD organization there goal is to â€Å"To aid the victims of crimes performed by individuals driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, to aid the families of such victims and to increase public awareness of the problem of drinking and drugged driving (MADD.org).† With this organization they have saved nearly 300,000 lives by doing the work they do; by having MADD in all 50 states, 1,200 victims’ advocates in 48 states and 20 volunteer hotlines that help people 24/7 ( MADD.org). These programs don’t always get money from the government, they often have to raise money, and they are often non-profit organizations, but without them victims may have no other resources. Plan for the future. Having goals to help people, to help the victims and even the families of crimes like drunk driving or sexual assault needs follow through. They need someone to say â€Å"OK letâ €™s get together and make a plan, let’s get as many drunk drivers off the road as we can†. It takes a leader to get groups going, to make a difference in so many people’s lives, and it shouldn’t take aShow MoreRelatedSpeech At Passion By Christine Caine1657 Words   |  7 Pagesstatistical information to center the focus of her argument on scripture. Through referencing this scripture and offering anecdotes, Caine’s position then becomes powerful by equipping her audience with the ability to become directly involved in the movement she is presenting. I have chosen to apply an ideological perspective to my speech to identify the way in which Caine shapes her audience’s response to the arguments she presents through her identity as a Christian woman. I argue that Caine constructsRead MoreSimilarities Between Criminology And Victimology853 Words   |  4 Pagesare similar in the fact that it focuses it studies on the crime and the victim. Criminology and Victimology also share similarities in the effectiveness it gives to the criminal justice system. Criminology and Victimology also share similarities in the research, they look not just in to the crime itself, but into the psychological, social, and environmental factors of the crime, and to the affects that crime has on the victim. There also many differences with Criminology and Victimology. CriminologyRead MoreSex Trafficking : A Modern Day1360 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Change Paper SOCI 1013 November 18, 2015 In current day and age, sex trafficking is referred to as â€Å"modern-day† slavery, where sex is sold through the use of forcible behavior, and the victim is coerced by those running the deals. According to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, the term sex trafficking is defined as, â€Å"the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purposes of a commercial sex act, in which the commercialRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The United States962 Words   |  4 Pagesfear. Victims are often, for example, frightened to believe they can accept help without owing something back. Some survivors are too afraid because they fear their traffickers too much to accept any services. Furthermore, it aggravates victims to find out that the time is takes for cases to be prosecuted and to gain protections is very extensive. 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This small essay will discuss whether members of society that are considered the most fearful of crime are accurate in their concerns and are also most likely to become victims of committed crimes. The fear of crime refers specifically to the fear and anxiety a person may feel resulting from a specific perceived threat or out of fear of potentially becoming a victim of crimeRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Old Man At The Bridge812 Words   |  4 Pagescreate the dramatic tension between the immobility of the old man and the coming destruction as he constantly observes the movement of carts across the bridge while talking. The narrators conversation allows the old man to have a voice. As he speaks to the scout, we along with the scout, gradually understand his plight and what the war has done to him. The voiceless victims speak through the old man. †¢ Plot In the middle of a military action, an army scout encounters an old man at a bridge whereRead MoreEssay on Victims Still705 Words   |  3 Pages Robert Elias book, Victims Still;, presents a very controversial stance that the victims movement is, perhaps, not at all. Elias suggests that all the programs, laws, and institutions that have been created in the 1980s and 1990s have done absolutely nothing to help the victim. Elias also offers explanations as to how the victims movement doesnt help victims, what the real causes of crime are, and how crime should be controlled. The victims movement that sprung up during the 1980s and earlyRead MoreThe Impact Of Military Service Members Ptsd1720 Words   |  7 Pagesthe PTSD The PTSD victims from the military need a lot of care before everything gets out of control. With a military background, the personnel become lethal to live among the members of the family or the society, especially if no one knows that he has a problem. This is because the actions and attitudes of such people are hard to predict unless and the victims cannot contain themselves. This being the case it requires well orchestrated programs and frameworks that help the victims of PTSD adapt andRead More Rape Trauma Syndrome Essays1705 Words   |  7 Pagesviolence. The victim can suffer from incredible injuries, and substantial amounts of embarrassment. Rendered powerless by physical force, threats, or fear, after which being forced to submit to sexual acts, including vaginal penetration, oral copulation, sodomy, and penetration opening with a foreign object, the victim is left virtually alone. Rape is an intrusion into the most private and intimate parts of the body, as well as an ass ault on the core of the self. Whether or not the victim acquires any

Social And Economic Impacts Of Industrial Revolution

Social and Economic Impacts of Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in the 1760’s. Britain became the first country to see its effects. Britain was the best for the revolution because of their high religious tolerance, the Scientific Revolution was underway, and Britain’s government encouraged inner growth by making foreign goods more expensive. During this time period, Britain’s population grew, wealth increased, and the citizens became interested in the fate of Britain. Writings began accumulating on what the people thought the benefits or consequences of the Industrial Revolution would be. While most argued that it would be harmful to society as a whole during the era, there was a minority who saw the immediate advantages of the Industrial Revolution. While the benefits may not have showed at the time period, the Industrial Revolution brought society the advancements that made it what it is today. Beginning with the minority’s perspective that the Industrial Revolution was changing society for the better. â€Å"The Philosophy of Manufacture† by Andrew Ure aimed to show the improvements that the Industrial Revolution brought about. Ure restated throughout the excerpt of the book that, â€Å"The principle of the factory system then is, to substitute mechanical science for hand skill.†1 Ure wanted to get rid of workers hand crafting goods and put them to better use of overseeing machines that could do the work quicker and for cheaper. Skilled workers would takeShow MoreRelatedSocial And Economic Impacts Of The Industrial Revolution1553 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In response to the drastic social and economic impacts of the industrial revolution in the United States during the mid 19th century, labor union were created in order to facilitate fair negotiations on the behalf of workers with their employers in regard to work-related difficulties such as pay, working conditions, along with other amenities. Article 23 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 December 1948 followingRead MoreIndustrial Revolutions During Europe During The Industrial Revolution1298 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrial Revolution in Europe Before the industrial revolution, Europe was mostly dominated by farmers but as the industrial revolution progressed this changed dramatically. Industrial revolution had a significant impact in the process by making new demands that shaped the way of life through increased competition and technological innovation. Generally, it was a historical period that sparked in a stroke a number numerous changes in the economic, social and political dimensions. It is consideredRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesAs the Industrial Revolution took place, many drastic changes†¦ technological, social, economic, and cultural also occurred. The Industrial Age brought about a new order that gave rise to the world of skyscrapers, factories of mass-production, and electronic devices that we are accustomed to today. The everyday lives of ordinary people underwent a dramatic change for the better. Before the Industrial Age, people lived very simple and hardworking lives. An y food or clothing they had was produced byRead MoreFrench Revolution1740 Words   |  7 PagesTHE FRENCH REVOLUTION The French Revolution, which erupted in 1789 marked a turning point inthe history of human struggle for freedom and equality. It put an end tothe age of feudalism and ushered in a new order of society. An outline of  this revolution will explain to you the kind of turmoil that occurred inEurope. This revolution brought about far reaching changes in not onlyFrench society but in societies throughout Europe. Even countries in othercontinents such as, India, were influencedRead MoreHistorical Events And Their Impact On The World952 Words   |  4 PagesTheir Impact on the World We Live In Today The world we live in today has been shaped by certain events in the past. The Industrial Revolution during the 18th to 19th century, the Industrialization of the 20th century, World War I and World War II, all left traces and have greatly impacted the way we live in today particularly out living standard. The goal of the paper is to discuss the effects of these historical events on the way we live in terms of living standards. The First Industrial RevolutionRead MoreIndustrial Revolution : A Time Of Social And Economic Change1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was a time of social and economic change which emphasized the power of humanity over nature. It was also an era of change which consisted of inventions that were mass produced to make life easier between 1750 and 1914. Although the Industrial Revolution led to efficient transportation and made Great Britain the center of world commerce, only the upper class got to truly enjoy that. The Industrial Revolution had spread to all around the world so the impact was more brutalRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay example1295 Words   |  6 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the world. The Industrial Revolution began in the United Kingdom as large deposits of coal and iron were found throughout the land which brought the rise of factories and machines, the idea then subsequently spread throughout the world. It was perhaps one of the greatest moments in human historyRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Impact On Western Society1521 Words   |  7 Pageseasily be seen that the Industrial Revolution is one of the most significant events in the formation of Western Society. During the period from 1780 to 1850 (Sherman and Salisbury 517), there were many technological advances made, and this period is known as the Industrial Revolution. The Revolution prompted massive economic growth, urbanization, changes in gender roles, and paved the way for the development of the modern Western society. Although the Scientific Revolution allowed for the innovationRead MoreThe Importance of the Industrial Revolution649 Words   |  3 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was a period of time consisting of great technological advancements that allowed for greater producti on of goods. Although some changes supported the increase of the quality of life, most changes affected the life of the lower class people. The Industrial Revolution had the greatest amount of social effects as opposed to economic and political effects because of the dramatic changes in working conditions, social classes, and living conditions. Working conditions was a bigRead MoreImpact Of Industrialisation On Patterns Of Urban Development1498 Words   |  6 PagesThe impact of industrialisation on patterns of urban development in nineteenth century Europe Urbanization is defined as an omnipresent process during which a primary and rural society revolves gradually into a cultivated and industrious one. The linkage between industrialization and urban growth defies an explicit description it is tight and visible, but cannot be simply reduced to direct linearity. It is well known that many small African countries have initiated or accomplished low-level urbanization

Managing Effective Labor Relations Free Essays

MANAGING EFFECTIVE LABOR EMPLOYEE RELATIONS Abstract Labor relations refer to the relationship between corporate management and the unionized workforce. Administering the best practices along with the current developments in labor relations is contingent on labor management relations. In addition, the legal framework for collective bargaining and negotiations need to be examined. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Effective Labor Relations or any similar topic only for you Order Now Knowledge of the history of the relationship between labor unions and management is fundamental in effective labor relations management today. What is a labor union? A labor union is a group of employees, who are organized by the specific job that they do. They come together to form units that bargain with their employer regarding working issues and conditions. Union workers are referred to as â€Å"blue-collar workers† because the majority of people who hold that job specification are also union members. The majority of union members work in the public sector. These are jobs where the funding source can be national, state, or local. These types of jobs include: postal service jobs, teachers and police officers. Jobs in the private sector have no involvement with the government and are run by private citizens or groups. These types of jobs could be found in: restaurants, retail, or corporations. There are many more union members in the public sector than the private sector. Just under half of all employees in the federal, state, and local government are union members. Public school teachers, police, and firefighters hold the highest number of union workers in the local government. The second largest groups on the list of union members are protective service workers in private industry. In the private sector, union members make up about a quarter of the size of the public sector, in transportation and utility positions. Other major private industries with above-average union membership percentages are construction and manufacturing, where in each case thirteen percent of the employees are in unions (Sloane amp; Witney, 2011). All union members have legal workplace rights that must be respected by their employers. Some rights are provided by federal or state statutes, hile others are inherent in specific union-employer agreements. If a union member feels that his rights have been infringed, in addition to taking legal action, charges can also be filed against employers through the National Labor Relations Board for violation of collective bargaining agreements. The NLRB is responsible for the prevention and resolving of unfair labor practices under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). They also guarantee the rights of employees to organize and bargain collectivel y with their employers. Another feature that union members have that non-union members don’t is a grievance procedure. This is an official complaint from the union member when they believe their contractual rights have been violated. The steps of the grievance procedure are outlined in the collective bargaining agreement. Collective bargaining is the process whereby unions and management negotiate and administer labor agreements (Sloane amp; Witney, 2011). Labor union officials enjoy many special powers and immunities that were created by legislatures and the courts. Union officials claim to rely on the support of members of a political organization of workers who are exclusive of their leadership. In â€Å"Special Privileges†, (2010), the following list of special privileges reveals the rights union members have in their favor: Privilege #1:| Exemption from anti-monopoly laws. The Clayton Act of 1914 exempts unions from anti-monopoly laws, enabling union officials to forcibly drive out independent or alternative employee bargaining groups. Privilege #2:| Power to force employees to accept unwanted union representation. Monopoly bargaining, or â€Å"exclusive representation,† which is embedded in most of the country’s labor relations statutes, enables union officials to act as the exclusive bargaining agents of all employees at a unionized workplace, thereby depriving employees of the right to make their own employment contracts. | Privilege #3:| Power to collect forced union dues. Unlike other private organizations, unions c an compel individuals to support them financially. In 27 states under the NLRA (those that have not passed Right to Work laws), all states under the RLA, on â€Å"exclusive federal enclaves,† and in many states under public sector labor relations acts, employees may be forced to pay union dues as a condition of employment, even if they reject union affiliation. | Privilege #4:| Unlimited, undisclosed electioneering. The Federal Election Campaign Act exempts unions from its limits on campaign contributions and expenditures, as well as some of its reporting requirements. Union bigwigs can spend unlimited amounts on communications to members and their families in support of, or opposition to, candidates for federal office, and they need not report these expenditures if they successfully claim that union publications are primarily devoted to other subjects. | Privilege #5:| Ability to strong-arm employers into negotiations. Unlike all other parties in the economic marketplace, union officials can compel employers to bargain with them. The NLRA, FLRA, and RLA make it illegal for employers to resist a union’s collective bargaining efforts and difficult for them to counter aggressive and deceptive campaigns waged by union organizers. | Privilege #6:| Right to trespass on an employer’s private property. The Norris-LaGuardia Act of 1932 (and state anti-injunction acts) give union activists immunity from injunctions against trespass on an employer’s property. | Privilege #7:| Ability of strikers to keep jobs despite refusing to work. Unlike other employees, unionized employees in the private sector have the right to strike; that is, to refuse to work while keeping their job. In some cases, it is illegal for employers to hire replacement workers, even to avert bankruptcy. | As you can see, the privileges of the union may seem unfair to non-union members. This can create a lot of mixed emotions and tension in the workplace. Although the rate of unionization has declined, its effects on the workplace are still existent. When you are non-union, it’s understandable to be complacent about union issues. Non-union employers must be aware of a number of other policy and practices that can lead to allegations of unfair-labor practices against them. To uphold a fair work environment, management looks to form new relationships between both non-union and union members. In order to prepare for issues that may occur between both parties, it is the company’s responsibility to be fully informed and aware of union laws and precedents. The focus of the traditional law of unions makes up the major part of the labor law. It is based on workers collectively and their rights as a group. It is different from employment law which focuses more on issues relating to the rights of individual employees. The body of law of which labor law is comprised is significant for the importance of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). The NLRA is codified at 29 U. S. C.  §Ã‚ § 151-169 and purports to serve the national interest of the United States regarding labor relations within the country (Cornell, n. d. ). When periods of widespread strikes occur, uneasy relations can very quickly and severely have an adverse effect on the entire country. A clear policy regarding labor and management encourages the best interests of the employer, which is to maintain full trade and industry production. It is essential to maintain peace in the workplace not just between employees, but employers as well. The NLRA attempts to limit industrial conflict among employers, employees, and labor organizations since the friction could affect full production which can then result in a series of even bigger problems. Unfair labor practices Union or not, when someone is treated unfairly at work, it can destroy morale. Sometimes the unfair treatment is done accidentally, but most of the time, the unfair treatment is a very deliberate act on the part of the management. In some cases, the unfair treatment can actually be illegal. What is always true is that unfair treatment at work makes more problems than it solves, breeds animosity and distrust among employees, and creates an extremely uncomfortable work environment (Thorpe, 2008). These practices are referred to as unfair labor practices and have been singled out for their potential to harm the general welfare of employees. Through the NLRA, employees are guaranteed the right to organize and to bargain collectively with their employers through representatives of their own choosing. If they choose not to exercise these rights, they are also guaranteed the right to refrain from them. The NLRA establishes a procedure by which employees can exercise their choice whether or not to join a union in a secret-ballot election conducted by the National Labor Relations Board. When and at whose discretion a secret-ballot election may be exercised as opposed to other election procedures is currently a matter of contention between employers and labor groups (Cornell, n. d. ). For those who belong to a union, they have some protection against unfair treatment at work. Union members have the right to work free of the pressures of unfair labor practices, as defined by the NLRA. Members also have the right to file claims regarding unfair labor practices with the NLRB. According to union-organizing. com, examples of unfair labor practices include: coercion to join or refrain from joining a union; threats to close facilities in retaliation for union activities; bribes directed at employees for any reason; personal inquiries concerning union sympathies; refusal to consider grievances (Ingram, 1999). Unions and the United States Labor movement have continued their historic decline in terms of membership and density, in today’s economy. Unions have emerged from a period of economic growth and prosperity to becoming smaller and weaker. Having missed an incredible opportunity to grow in a time of prosperity, labor must now figure out how to build numbers and strength in face of economic uncertainty, a Republican President, war, budget deficits, public service cuts and the continued exporting of union manufacturing jobs (Lerners, 2002). The unions of the United States have huge resources: millions of members, billions of dollars in dues, and hundreds of billions in pension capital, as well as political power and the leverage of collective bargaining. These resources offer the potential and the opportunity to organize millions of workers and rebuild the labor movement. The AFL-CIO has documented that the US economy is growing away from the labor movement, growing fastest where unions are weakest, where only one out of ten new jobs is union. Private sector unions are losing density in the traditional unionized sectors of the economy (Lerners, 2002). The weakness of labor unions is becoming increasingly evident in the low statistics in most sectors. Supporters of union workers can see in those same numbers the potential for huge growth, with millions of non-union workers coming into those sectors. In general, it is legal for employers to try to persuade employees not to unionize. However, it is illegal for a company to attempt to prevent employees from unionizing by promises of violence, threats or other intimidating actions. It is also illegal for unions to use lies or threats of violence to intimidate employees into joining a union (Silverman, n. . ). Opponents of unions believe that labor unions are bad for business. They feel that labor unions have too much power for their size. They also feel that labor unions use this power as blackmail against companies, by causing labor monopolies. Some feel that they ask too much of companies, causing either the company to shut down, or to supply more money for their employees. Union mem bers are generally Democratic, and are certain that Republicans believe that labor unions lead to recession because they cause wages to go up, and that causes prices to go up, which leads to lower production. For many business managers and owners who are striving to keep their firms strong in a competitive marketplace, the thought of a labor union entering the workplace and organizing the employees can be a source of headache (Hall, 1999). Although employers cannot prevent unions, they can take steps to make unionization less attractive to their non-union employees. According to some human resource professionals, the best defense against union organizing may be a good offense (Lerners, 2012). This can be obtained in a non-aggressive manner such as managers having an â€Å"open-door† policy with their subordinates and answering any questions and concerns they may have. Human resources play a big role also, since they handle the employee benefits and relations. Keeping a good working relationship will promote effective communication, thus reducing the risk of unhappy employees who may seek to unionize. WHY DO EMPLOYEES JOIN UNIONS? 1. Failed to keep up with job rate and benefit package. 2. Rule by fear. 3. Win/Lose Philosophy of labor relations. 4. Favoritism. 5. Little, if any, personal recognition. . Lack of fair and firm discipline. 7. No input into any decision-making. 8. No career advancement available. 9. Little job security. 10. No complaint procedure, no support by employees for complaint procedure. 11. Failure to have personnel policies and benefits in writing. 12. Lack of recognition for length of service. http://www. d. umn. edu/umdhr/Policies/grievance. h tml In the work place, union members have the benefit of negotiating with their employer as a group. This basic right gives them much more power than if they were to negotiate individually, as non-union employees do. On average, union employees make 27 percent more than non-union workers and ninety-two percent of union workers have job-related health coverage versus 68 percent for non-union workers (Silverman, n. d. ). Union workers also have a great advantage over non-union workers in securing their pensions. Through their collective bargaining agreements and the grievance and arbitration processes, unions help to protect their employees from unjust dismissal. As a result, most union employees cannot be fired without â€Å"just cause,† unlike many non-union employees who can be fired at any time and for almost any reason. The use of the term â€Å"union steward† is not universal. It is, however, the most common designation given to a representative of the union whose role is to represent employees in a certain work area (Sloane amp; Witney, 2011). Stewards or union representatives are selected by the union. Some unions elect their stewards while others are appointed by the union officers. No matter how they are selected, the union notifies the company of the employees who are stewards for specific work areas. Due to the size or location of the departments, they may have several stewards while other departments may have one steward who is responsible for several departments. Whatever the case, the union internally determines this and notifies accordingly. The supervisor does not have a role in the selection of the steward. Stewards are persons who are responsible to the union for performing many functions. The steward represents employees in the bargaining unit and can also recruits new members, handle communications between the union and management, and interpret the contract to employees. Most importantly, they represent the union. Supervisors should recognize and respect the steward’s role. If a supervisor thinks that a steward is not successfully doing his or her job as a steward, it is not the responsibility of the supervisor to give any advice or make recommendations. The supervisor must remember that the steward is a company employee. Essentially, the steward is chosen because he or she is the most competent to represent the employees. However, it is important, that the supervisor accept the steward in good faith. It is the company’s obligation to give stewards the sincere and careful consideration to which they and the employees they represent are entitled. It is crucial that the supervisor and the steward develop a good working relationship. If both individuals can recognize their respective roles, they can form an understanding. In other words, the steward can be a friend or an enemy. As in any working relationship, time and experience will define it. A supervisor who treats a steward fairly will most likely receive fair treatment and respect from the steward. Another powerful union tool is the strike. A strike is when a group of workers stops working in protest to labor conditions or as a bargaining tool during negotiations between labor and management. This may not always be the most effective plan of action, but the law entitles union members the right to strike when they feel that it is necessary. Employers fear the possibility of a strike since production stops while the strike is in effect. Strikes can last anywhere from hours to weeks and the longer they continue, the more disastrous they can become for the company. While labor unions are not as prominent today as they were in the past, they still play a vital role in protecting and representing America’s workforce. As the supervisor in a union environment, the most critical relationship in a working environment is the one between employees and their immediate supervisor. To the employee, the immediate supervisor becomes the â€Å"face† of that jurisdiction’s management (Karon, 2010). The responsibilities that management represents are critical to the successful supervisory interface with employees. In a union environment, a third party (the bargaining unit) would be put into this relationship. The membership of a workforce that is represented by a union are called a bargaining unit. Employees can choose to join the union or refrain from joining; nevertheless, all are subject to the working conditions or agreement agreed to by the jurisdiction and the union (Karon, 2010). Although negotiations of these agreements can take a while to establish, the critical aspect of the process is in the administration of that contract. The supervisor is the key link in a relationship between labor and management. Each supervisor has a responsibility to ensure that the labor agreement is enforced. As a result, many supervisors will be involved in the mandated grievance process. Because supervisors generally know more about the employee than top management does, there are additional burdens placed on these supervisors. To the average employee, the supervisor is management. Due to this, a supervisor must understand his or her role and responsibilities in the organization that he or she represents. Most important is the supervisor’s ability to get along with employees. While close personal involvement with employees is frowned upon, the supervisor should be friendly and concerned about the welfare of those that he or she supervises at work. When a person is appointed to a supervisory position, they must realize the fine line in relationships between themselves and their employees. Providing an environment where all employees are comfortable, while remaining pro-active with full awareness of policies that apply to either union or non-union members, or both. By remaining approachable and understanding, employees will be more open to discussing concerns, thus reducing the urge to join the union for increased benefits. The introduction of the labor agreement adds a new dimension to the multi-faceted role of the supervisor. The institution of a grievance procedure in addition to the presentation of the union representative and steward or union official, makes it even more critical for supervisors to understand that to accept the responsibility of a supervisory position means supporting and advocating management’s position (Karon, 2010). The supervisor who cannot support supervisory and management in a policy does a disservice to everyone at the company. For this reason, supervisory training should be heightened to guarantee that they respond properly whenever allegations of contract violations have occurred. Enforcing company policies as well as obeying the collective bargaining agreement does not take the supervisor’s right to their own opinions away. In fact, it is the responsibility of the supervisor to pass their opinions on to other levels of management and communicate results to other employees. Since the supervisor has the most contact with the employees, it is usually the supervisor who becomes the â€Å"middleman† when disputes arise. For this reason, good communication skills and understanding the importance of the supervisor’s role in your organization is essential to the success of every supervisor. Employers that have become somewhat complacent with respect to union organizing must become more active in reviewing their human resource policies and practices. Some may be surprised to find out their companies are unionized, or have union members affiliated. Often times, organizations have standard accustomed rules that their members follow. These may have been established â€Å"through the grapevine† or accepted as common knowledge. To ensure compliance with the work rules, manuals and handbooks should be reviewed regularly to evaluate whether they do or do not violate the NLRA. Furthermore, there are many resources within the administration of a company that can be employed. These include human resource programs, policies, and procedures that are infrequently utilized, as well as complaint procedures and establishing an open-door policy. Policies that require employees to first bring complaints to their immediate supervisors should also be thoroughly reviewed to verify that both union and non-union issues are handled properly. Being a supervisor is not an easy task. The supervisor is entrusted with accomplishing the work of his or her unit through the efforts of their employees within that unit. Keeping the employees informed of what their jobs are and how they are to accomplish their tasks are just a small part of the supervisor’s overall responsibilities. Administering standards and expectations, developing methods to motivate and increase productivity, and ensuring compliance to all policies through open communication with all employees will promote effective labor relations within the company. Running head: MANAGING EFFECTIVE LABOR EMPLOYEE RELATIONS References Cabot, S. (1997). â€Å"How to avoid a union† Retrieved from: https://www. nlrb. gov/national-labor-relations-act Hall, S. (1999). How to stop union organizing. Retrieved from: http://www. ehow. com/how_7986074_stop-union-organizing. html Ingrim, D. (1999). â€Å"Union members’ rights†. Retrieved from: http://money. howstuffworks. com/labor-union5. htm Karon, J. (2010). â€Å"Discipline and Grievance†. Retrieved from: http://www. d. umn. edu/umdhr/Policies/grievance. html Lerners, S. (2002). Labor Notes â€Å"Three steps to reorganizing and rebuilding the labor movement†. Retrieved from: http://labornotes. org/node/575 â€Å"Big Labor’s Special Privileges† (n. d. ). Retrieved from: http://www. nrtw. org/d/big_labor_special_privileges. htm Sloan, A. amp; Witney, F. (2011). Labor Relations, 13th Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Learning Solutions. Thorpe, J. (2008). Employment Law: Unfair treatment at work. Retrieved f rom: http://www. helium. com/items/801741-employment-law-unfair-treatment-at-work | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | How to cite Managing Effective Labor Relations, Papers

Case Study on Google Business Model †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Case Study on Google Business Model. Answer: Introduction This report focuses on the business model of an organization and analyzes the success factor of that organization in the market. The report describes nine building blocks of the business model that are helpful for the company to achieve growth and success in the operating market. For the discussion, Google Inc is selected. The company is the market leader in the technology focusing basically on advertising and promotions. The company was founded in 1995 by Larry Page who created this search engine so that users can find any document and website based on appropriate keywords (Mcleod, 2005). Google basically provides free services to its users. Along with the service of search engine, users can also search for the books on Google Book Search, news on Google News, maps on Google Maps and Videos on Google video i.e. YouTube. Basically, Google changed the way of internet users to look and share the information. Being most popular search engine in the world, couples of other services are r esponding to the consumers needs (Faille, 2018). In order to analyze the success strategy, it is important to understand the business model of the company. The business model includes nine building blocks structure that are helpful in achieving the business goals and objectives (Toor Dhir, 2011). The business model of Google is basically a presentation of business operations and services of the company. The business model provides the understanding of various business operations of the company i.e. services, and activities in order to generate more profit. The business model basically includes the integration of strategy of the company, finance as well as organization (Dudin, 2015). The business model canvas of Google is discussed below: The important part of the business model of key partners of the company that are helpful in operating the business in the competitive market. Key partners of Google are distribution partners, Chrome and OS devices, open Handset alliances and original equipment manufacturers (Osterwalder Pigneur, 2010). Key activities of the company include research and development in order to develop new technologies and features and enhancement of existing technologies. Along with this, the company spends significant time in the management and maintenance of IT infrastructure, products and services. Company is also engaged with the strategy, licenses and alliances. Key resources for Google include servers and IT infrastructure, data centers IPs and human resources. Along with this, there are other resources also i.e. licenses, patents and proprietary materials that are helpful in the success and growth of the company (Mason, 2015). The objective of the company is to provide value to the customers for advertising, internet search, platform and enterprises and operating systems. Along with this, the business principles of the company can be understood by the mission statement that is to manage the information of World and make it useful and accessible for the users in all over the world (Lake, 2015). There are various ways by which the company maintains strong relationships with the customers. The aim of the company is to maintain healthy customer relationships by different ways that are discussed below: Personal assistance- To the customers at the distribution centers by phone support, e-mail and contact by website so that the queries of the customers can be handled effectively, Automated services- Sending invoice to the customers email address after the confirmation of product orders, email for the collection of the products and email for collecting feedback in terms of product purchased, service provided, and marketing etc (Sinfield, Calder, McConnell Colson, 2011). Sales and support services and dedicated team in the company are focused on building and enhancing strong relationships with the customers. Channels are very helpful for the customers to reach to the services of the company. Channels used by Google are Google affiliate website, Google Adwords and google.com. There are sales and support teams in order to reach network members and advertisers. So, channels used by the company are business partners, key dealers and distributors, mobile carrier and stores (Armstrong Cunningham, 2012). In Google, customers are segmented into three catagories. First is Users segments who use the information in the proper and convenient manner by using Google products and services. Second are advertisers who have the cost-efficient way to show online and offline ads to the customers. Third and last are content providers or Google network members who use the services. Another segment may also include mobile device makers and users with developers (Fifield, 2012). In Google, the primary costs are incurred in people, research and development, IT infrastructure, marketing and selling costs and general and administrative costs and financial cost. These costs are generally evaluated in the financial reports of the company. The primary revenue of the company is generated from its ad-powered search engines. The revenue streams of the company are generated by enterprise product sales, and Google websites. Critical success factors Based on the business model canvas, it is observed there are some critical factors that are helpful in the success of Google. One of the important elements of Google business model is the company is using multi-sided platform business model pattern. There are some key factors in the business model of the company that differentiate it from the other companies and helpful in achieving success and growth (Filet, 2013). Value proposition- The business model of Google includes three value propositions. Although Google has various value proposition for the consumers but they follow single philosophy i.e. providing targeted advertising globally. The company is committed to provide the best available technology to the customers. The company basically creates user friendly platform by which people can directly connect with the information. By this, company enhances the overall user experience. This attracts wide range of the consumers who are interested in using free services of Google. The company directs the users to the new websites on those pages where they want to get the information. Along with this, the company is improving its search engine everyday in terms of accuracy, supplementary functions and customized results. This enhances the competiveness of the company in all over the world. On any important dates and events like date of birth of some famous artists, creative and innovation of Google can be seen in the layouts and words. Along with this, creativity sense of Google can also be seen in its language settings (Tater, 2016). Revenue- Google has become the tool of marketing itself for other company. The success factor of the company is its revenue system. The company has strong balance sheet with no any debt and nearly $50 billion in cash (Dawn, 2013). The company has high level of internal competency along with technology and company is attracting top talent from the competitors for years. Along with this, the brand name of the company is also strong among the customers. In terms of capital, there are unlimited opportunities for the company. Now, Google has established itself as the leading market share in terms of mobile systems with android and company has found a way to develop new social networking projects (Wolfe, 2017). Human resource- This factor is one of the greatest asset of Google Inc. With the top talent from all over the world, Google is able to bring various innovations and new technologies in its products. Along with this, company is able to maintain competitive position in the market in terms of technology, design and creativity. There are some reasons by which Google is able to attract the high quality human resource successfully. One of them is that company has effective working environment as it is famous for its fun and serious working environment and high paid. Along with this, there is comfortable working environment where employees are able to enhance their working quality and efficiency. This motivates innovation and diversity in the company. These factors contribute to the fact that Google is achieving success due to best talent. Designers and maintainers of the company are creative and high sense of creativity. Conclusion Based on the overall discussion, it is observed that Google is able to achieve growth and success due to its business model. Along with this, Google has various factors that are helpful in achieving success in the market. In the business model, there are nine building blocks that represent the services of the company provided to the student. Company provides value propositions to the customers. This attracts wide range of the consumers who are interested in using free services of Google. References Armstrong, G., Cunningham, M. H. (2012). Principles of marketing. Australia: Pearson publication Dawn, (2013). Google 2012 revenue hits $50 billion, profits up. Retrieved from https://www.dawn.com/news/780915 Dudin, M. N. (2015). The Innovative Business Model Canvas in the System of Effective Budgeting: Asian Social Science. 11 (7). 290-296 Faille, C., (2018). Google's Key Success Factors. Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/googles-key-success-factors-27311.html Fifield, P. (2012). Marketing strategy. (2nd). Berlin: Reed educational publishing Pvt Ltd Filet, E. (2013). Conceptualising Business Models: Definitions, Frameworks and Classifications: Journal of Business Models. 1 (1). 85-105. Lake, C., (2015). Googles five key success factors for effective teams. Retrieved from https://searchenginewatch.com/sew/study/2435671/google-s-five-key-success-factors-for-effective-teams Mason, H. (2015). Trend-Driven Innovation: Beat Accelerating Customer Expectations. John Wiley Sons Mcleod, W. M. (2005). The Birth of Google. Retrieved from https://www.wired.com/2005/08/battelle/ Osterwalder, A. Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business Model Generation. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons Sinfield, J. V., Calder, E., McConnell, B. Colson, S. (2011). Corporate Strategy: How to identity new business models. MITSloan Management Review. Tater, M., (2016). The Secret Behind Googles Success: Case study on Google Business Model Based on Business Model Canvas. Retrieved from https://www.entrepreneurshiplife.com/secret-behind-googles-success/ Toor, T. P. Dhir, T. (2011). Benefits of integrated business planning, forecasting, and process management: Business Strategy Series. 275-288 Wolfe, L., (2017). How Google's Business Model Works. Retrieved from https://www.thebalance.com/how-google-s-business-model-works-3515189

Julius Caesar Play Essays - Cassii, , Term Papers

Julius Caesar Play The play Julius Caesar is an eclectic mix of wise and ignorant, cunning and na?ve, heroes and cowards. The pageantry set forth in the play exemplifies the formality of everyday Roman life and the gravity of the official duties. Each main character in Julius Caesar has a positive quality that embraces the reader and a negative quality that leads to their tragic downfall. Although the characters possess more than two qualities, their strongest, most aggressive points shine through. At the end of the play two characters are forced to penetrate each other's minds and evaluate the good and evil. One is a domineering, egotistical, selfish conspirator. He lacks the power and appraisal that his enemy, Julius Caesar has, and, therefore, uses his envy and jealousy as a drive to convert others to challenge Caesar. His opposing force is a reserved, mediocre man who's only love his the country he stands upon. The powerhouse of confidence versus the dollhouse of reservation ends in an explosion of destruction. Marcus Brutus is the most admirable character in Julius Caesar. He is the only person involved in the conspiracy against Caesar for his country. He truly believes that Caesar's ambition will ruin the fortitude of his beloved Rome. Brutus uses his hidden inner strength to survive the brutality of the conspiracy and the harsh reality of the aftermath. In the beginning of the play, Brutus appears as a quiet lamb. He follows the herd, lives by example, and keeps his thoughts and opinions disclosed from the public masses. Although he is reserved, his undying desire for a better Rome shines through like light flowing from a stained-glass window. When Cassius first confronts Brutus to become a member of the conspiracy, his lacking confidence is evident. Brutus says, "Into what dangers would you lead me, Cassius, / that you would have me seek into myself/ for that which is not in me?" (1.2.45-47). However, his self-assurance grows as the play continues and by the end he stands up for his beliefs and backs them with power. Brutus is admirable for his love and devotion to Rome. He was born Roman and died Roman. His affection for justice and honor is one of the most evident characteristics about him. The opposite of Marcus Brutus is Gaius Cassius. He is a strong-willed, cunning, jealous villain who only wants Julius Caesar dead for his own, selfish reasons. He sees Caesar as an ambitious man who is after more power and control. What Cassius forgets to do is to evaluate his own image and realize his race for personal betterment. Throughout the play, Cassius, like a cat, uses his mind controlling skills to climb his way to the top, not caring whom he pounces on in the end. He converts Brutus to his mere puppet. Cassius dreams of the thoughts and actions and has Brutus carry the negative plans out. Cassius is the most villainous character because he is actually a coward. He is too afraid to go for his goals himself, to work hard and achieve the right to be a leader. Instead, he underhandedly commits other Romans to kill an adored leader for his own selfish merit and his proclaimed "justice." Cassius is even afraid to overcome a challenge with Brutus. Even during a devilish argument in act IV, Cassius gives in to Brutus' desires (4.228-30). He is too afraid of losing his workman and too much of a coward to become the leader. Brutus and Cassius are two opposite characters. Brutus is a compassionate, reserved, humane individual. He knows his goals and desires and goes after them quietly and respectively. He does everything for the good of Rome, even when it comes to sacrificing his life. Cassius, however, is a vile, envious coward, whose mind is like a tempest, longing to thrust danger upon those more powerful than he. Although both die gruesome deaths, Brutus dies an honorable, patriotic soul and Cassius dies a disgraceful, mischievous man.

The Principle Events In The Evolution Of The Earth Essays

The Principle Events In The Evolution Of The Earth Essays The Principle Events In The Evolution Of The Earth The Principle Events in the Evolution of the Earth's Atmosphere The literal translation of the word atmosphere is sphere of vapors. The Earth's atmosphere is a protective sphere of vapors, or air that surrounds the Earth and provides it with a layer of insulation from the harmful rays of the sun. It is a vital part of the Earth, and has changed dramatically since the beginning of time. The earth's atmosphere has gradually changed since the Earth's birth approximately 4.6 million years ago. In the beginning, the Earth's composition was very different that how it exists today. A long time ago the Earth's atmosphere was very similar to today's Venus and Mar's atmosphere. It had about 95% carbon dioxide, 2-3% nitrogen, and very little, less than 1% oxygen. Today the Earth contains 79% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 3% water vapor. It is evident that there were many events that happened over billions of years that have contributed to this change in the Earth's atmosphere. The Earth had developed so drastically because of the tremendous dust and gas cloud within the Milky Way galaxy. The Earth grew larger as huge meteorites hit it, and the surface was covered with dust. Volcanoes began to form and emitted lava, ash, and most importantly gases. Carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen were released into the atmosphere from the volcanoes. This process is called outgassing, and took place within the first million years or so of the Earth's formation. Then, about 4 billion years ago, the planet cooled, and the outgassed water vapors condensed into clouds. It rained and produced the oceans, and even enough to cover 95% of the Earth. In addition, because it rained, there was less carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide was lost over billion of years, as the ocean formed there was a chemical reaction in which carbon dioxide and water formed carbonic acid. It is shown in the equation CO2 + H2O = H2CO3. The carbonic acid dissolved oceanic rock into sand, silt, and mud. It is evident because of this geochemical process occurred there is more carbon in the rocks and minerals and there is less in the Earths atmosphere. The Earths first ever oxygen emerged about two millions years ago because of ultraviolet radiation. The water in the Earths atmosphere was split into oxygen and hydrogen because of the ultraviolet radiation from the sun. The equation for this process is UV-* 2H20 -* 2H2 + O2. The first ever oxygen is from the ultraviolet radiation that occurred in the Earths atmosphere. It is interesting to note that 600 million years ago only about 1% of the Earths atmosphere was oxygen. Significant quantities of oxygen did not begin until plants arrived on the scene. The percentage of oxygen increased when plant life evolved and photosynthesis began to happen on the Earth. The first ever plants were blue-green algae, which lived the Earths oceans. Plants used sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their food in a process called photosynthesis. The process of photosynthesis can be easily seen in the equation 6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + O2. The plants breathe in carbon dioxide and then release oxygen during photosynthesis, within 500 million years oxygen was the second largest part of the atmosphere after nitrogen. As oxygen became a greater part of the atmosphere the ozone shield emerged. The shield was formed when solar ultraviolet radiation forces the reaction for oxygen to form ozone, also known as 03. The ozone protects the Earth and its inhabitants from the harmful radiation from the sun. In conclusion, the Earths atmosphere has changed dramatically since the Earths origin about 4.6 billion years ago. There are many factors that contributed to this change over time. By getting a better understanding of our Earths atmosphere we can use in many useful ways. We can use this knowledge of the atmosphere for a worthy cause in many areas of science and greatly benefit from it.

Our town paper review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Our town paper review - Essay Example The play has been divided in to three acts and each has been separated with different titles entertaining the audience with three different experiences. The first Act entitled, ‘Daily Life’ introduces the audience to Grover’s Corners, a small town in New Hampshire in the year 1901. Here the playwright brings the audience’s attention to the Gidds and Webb family. The second act throws light to the wedding day of George and Emily. Then the playwright, in a flash back mood presents the past life of Emily and Geroge, specifically on their deep attachment each other. The final act renders the futility of human life through the removal of scenes to the grave of Emily and her desire to live some more hours on earth after death. The style of the presentation of the play makes one infer that it can certainly be regarded as a touching play. Analyzing the play, one can see various elements like acting, directing, scenery, costumes, lighting and text, exert notable rol e in enhancing the performance level of the play. Regarding the performance of the play, it is worth noticing that the performers were up to the mark that is, they exactly performed the roles the director assigned them. The presentation of the character of the Stage Manager can be cited as the best example where the Manger guides the story, intervening in the plot, and in different scenes and actions to enhance the aesthetic appreciation of the play. To a certain extent, one can infer that the Stage Manager in the play guides the plot and actions. Furthermore, the presentation of the milkman and the newspaper boy help to comprehend the daily life of the American people. The more emotional scenes in Our Town - notably the Act II wedding - suffer from the lack of a warm Stage Manager. The part as well as the absence of the Stage Manager is noteworthy when Frank Rich rightly evaluates; â€Å"The more emotional scenes in Our Town - notably the Act II wedding - suffer from the lack of a warm Stage Manager†

In what ways has the use of statistics in psychology helped to sustain Essay

In what ways has the use of statistics in psychology helped to sustain notions of objectivity and determinism - Essay Example That is why would-be psychologists, wrote Jock Abra, lacking mathematical skills has a tough row to hoe, holding that the clinicians should be trained as scientists particularly demonstrating abilities in statistics, in order to be able to comprehend, evaluate, and, if occasion warrants, conduct research. (p. 102) While it is acknowledged that psychology is a science it is not considered as an exact one. (Cowles 2000, p. 21) Determinism – an ideal connected with the struggle for certain knowledge - upholds the propositions of the natural sciences as it more demonstrate the order of the universe better than psychology as a social science. B.F. Skinner (1953), underscores the necessity of assuming order in nature: We cannot apply the methods of science to a subject matter which is assumed to move about capriciously. Science not only describes, it predicts. It deals not only with the past but with the future†¦ If we are to use the methods of science in the field of human affairs, we must assume that behavior is lawful and determined. (p. 6) Fortunately, determinism could coexist with probabilistic thinking. Probabilistic thinking was used as a means toward objectivity in the classical sense of separating the experimenter from his knowledge. Such was the role of inferential statistics as a mechanization of the experimenter’s inference from data to hypothesis. (Gigerenzer 1987, p. 12) According to Raymond Nickerson (2004), the appearance of objectivity was promoted by eliminating the need for an experimenter’s judgment through the application of mechanical statistical procedures to the interpretation of data, hence, statistics became a means for the mechanization of inductive inference. (p. 271) The significance of all these is that statistics maintains the objectivity of psychology as an experimental science. In light of all these, one can say that statistics is more than just a tool in psychology. It validates the field

Employment Law (Testing & Privacy Rights) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employment Law (Testing & Privacy Rights) - Essay Example They could be covered by state laws affecting who may or may not be tested. Related rulings include approving testing for railroad operators, police officers and medical professionals who care for patients. Generally, where "a position has a direct affect on safety, random testing has been allowed" (National Workrights Institute). Attempts to spread drug testing to non-safety positions like janitors and clerical workers have been unsuccessful. The U.S. Supreme Court, in Washington v. Davis, 426 U.S. 229 (1976), ruled that the District of Columbia's Test 21 (Question 2) was not discriminatory, even though it screened out many more black police force applicants than whites and had not been proved relevant to on-the-job performance. The test itself could not be blamed for the low black population on the police force. There had been no direct evidence that the D.C. police force was actively excluding black recruits, and the test was widely used for other government jobs. The Supreme Court stated in the ruling that a statute is not discriminatory "if in practice it benefits or burdens one race more than another" when it is designed to serve race-neutral goals such as a verbally competent work force, unless there is compelling evidence to the contrary. The high court feared that such a standard could be used to invalidate a wide range of laws that affect different groups disproportionately. The Louisiana Court of Appeals ruled in Lam

Development of SMEs in Malaysia

Development of SMEs in Malaysia The Global Enterprise Introduction Malaysia is a developing nation with a population of 30 million and currently classified in the upper middle income category. It is situated in the South East Asia Region and is part of the Association of South East Asian Nation; which also comprises of countries such as Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, as well as Thailand and Vietnam (ASEAN, 2014). Malaysia is a unique country as it is made up of a variety of races such as Malay, Chinese and Indian as well as indigenous races, making it an ethnically heterogeneous nation. This thus sets a very diverse and vibrant cultural backdrop in Malaysia. Important Benchmark in the Malaysian Economic Policy In their study of strengthening entrepreneurship in Malaysia, Ariff et al (2000) describes that during the British colonial rule of Malaya (pre-1957), the British implemented the practice of separating economic activity along racial boundaries. Malaya’s main economic drivers at the time were tin mining and production of rubber. In order to streamline operations of the industry, Indian and Chinese migrant workers were imported to work on the rubber plantations and in the tin mines respectively. The Chinese were allowed to run certain businesses; becoming shopkeepers, peddlers and petty traders in the towns. The Malays were mainly concentrated in the agricultural sector and were the only ethnic-group that was allowed into the bureaucracy. However, only members of the royal or upper-class families of the different states of Malaya were usually allowed into the administration, whereas the majority of Malays were limited to the low-income agricultural sector. This resulted in a ver y multi-layered society, segregated economically and racially with the majority of Malays (Bumiputras) at the bottom rung. To rectify the economic disparity that existed within the country, the representatives of the three major ethnic groups (Malay, Indian and Chinese) agreed that upon independence from colonial rule, the Malays would be given certain â€Å"special rights† in the fields of religion, economics and politics. The main reason for this â€Å"positive discrimination† was to elevate the status of the economically marginalized Malays, and therefore create a more equitable and balanced society. Under the New Economic Policy (NEP) established in 1970, these special rights received more comprehensive enunciation. This was a reaction to the growing discontent about the economic inequalities between the Malays and the other races who were still gaining economic ascendancy. The main objectives of the NEP were to reduce and eventually eradicate poverty, and to accelerate the process of restructuring Malaysian society to correct economic imbalance, so as to reduce and eventually eliminate the identification of race with economic function (Kuala Lumpur: Government Press, 1972) The NEP emphasised on increasing effective Bumiputra ownership and participation in the corporate sector, improving Bumiputra participation in high-income occupations, as well as narrowing income inequality and eradicating poverty. Within these larger policies, the subject of constructing a Bumiputra Commercial and Industrial Community (BCIC), which involves fostering Bumiputra entrepreneurs, professionals and creating a Bumiputra middle-class (Economic Planning Unit, 2001) is deeply prevalent. This has become the backbone of Malaysia’s strategy for strengthening national entrepreneurship, and all related policies and strategies have to take this into consideration. However non-Bumiputra entrepreneurs have not been completely neglected. The State of the Malaysian Economy (2013-2014) Malaysia has a medium-sized but rapidly growing economy. It is self-sufficient in important natural resources, including gas and oil, and has a conducive environment and climate for the production of various crops (oil palm being one of those). Her especially strategic location provides further advantages for the development of its international trade. As of 14 August 2014, Malaysia has posted a Gross Domestic product (GDP) of 6.4%, amounting to RM262.8 billion. This is a very encouraging sign for the national economy. This is a slightly marked improvement from the first quarter of 2014 which was 6.2%. In the fourth quarter of 2013, the nation posted a GDP of 5.1% (Department of Statistics, Malaysia, 2014). This can be seen in Chart 1. The construction sector was the main contributor to the GDP at 9.9%, followed by manufacturing (7.3%), agriculture (7.1%), private consumption (6.5%) and petroleum and mining (2.1%) according to The Star (2014) An additional point to note; the twin tragic disasters that befell Malaysia especially Malaysia Airlines this year (flights MH370 and MH17 respectively) have not significantly affected Malaysia’s bullish economic performance. However, Malaysia Airlines (MAS) have been experiencing heavy losses in the 2nd and 3rd quarters of the year (Malaysia Airlines, 2014) As an oil and gas exporter, Malaysia has profited from higher world energy prices, although the rising cost of domestic gasoline and diesel fuel, has forced the government to begin to address fiscal shortfalls, through initial reductions in energy and sugar subsidies and the announcement of the 2015 implementation of a 6% goods and services tax. The government is also trying to lessen its reliance on state oil producer PETRONAS. The oil and gas sector supplies about 32% of government revenue in 2013. Bank Negara Malaysia (central bank) maintains healthy foreign exchange reserves, and a well-developed regulatory regime has limited Malaysias exposure to riskier financial instruments and the global financial crisis. Nevertheless, Malaysia could be vulnerable to a fall in commodity prices or a general slowdown in global economic activity because exports are a major component of GDP. In order to attract increased investment, the Prime Minister of Malaysia Dato’ Sri Najib Razak earlier raised possible revisions to the special economic and social preferences accorded to ethnic Malays under the New Economic Policy of 1970, but retreated in 2013 after he encountered significant opposition from Malay nationalists and other assigned interests. In September 2013 Najib launched the new Bumiputra Economic Empowerment Program (BEEP), policies that favor and advance the economic condition of ethnic Malays, further strengthening the economic stature and power of the Bumiputras in the nation. Malaysia has a diversified and rapidly expanding manufacturing sector. Malaysia was able to join the worlds leaders in some fields although in many areas of manufacturing, it relies on imported technologies and foreign investments. In the 1990s, it became the worlds third-largest producer of integrated circuits and one of the leading producers of domestic appliances. Agriculture is still an important export earner. Malaysia is the worlds second largest producer of palm oil behind Indonesia, amounting to 39% of the world’s palm oil production (Malaysian Palm Oil Council, 2014). Malaysia has always been very open to foreign investment (FDI), especially for export-oriented manufactures, with relatively few restrictions and easy return of profits. This has prompted some of the worlds largest corporations, such as Dell and Microsoft of the United States, NEC and Mitsubishi of Japan, and others, to set up production branches in Malaysia. Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia Normah Mohd Aris (2007) says that: â€Å"The Malaysian economy is driven and influenced by many factors. Some of these factors include Small and medium enterprises (commonly referred to as SMEs) have been the backbone of economic growth of an economy in driving industrial development. Due to their sheer numbers, size and nature of operations, the role of SMEs in promoting domestic sources of growth and strengthening the infrastructure for accelerated economic expansion and development in Malaysia has been recognised. The interdependence of SMEs and large enterprises in collaborating with each other has led to the further expansion of SMEs.† According to the Malaysian SME Corp website, SMEs are defined by the following features: Manufacturing sector, sales turnover not exceeding RM50 million OR full-time employees not exceeding 200 workers Services and other sectors, sales turnover not exceeding RM20 million OR full-time employees not exceeding 75 workers SMEs are further divided into three different categories as shown in Table 1. SMEs in Malaysia are generally focused in the textile and apparel, food and beverages, metals and metals products and wood and wood products sectors. The majority of manufacturing companies are located in the central parts of Malaysia and around the country’s major industrial regions. Challenges Faced by SMEs in Malaysia According to Muhammad et al., (2010) many previous studies conducted by Saleh and Ndubisi (2006); Samad (2007); Abu Bakar et al. (2006); Aris (2006); Harvie (2004); Wang (2003); Wafa et al. (2005); Ritchie Brindley (2000); Decker et al. (2006) and Foon (2006) various challenges faced SMEs in a globalized environment. The SMEs should mainly concentrate in overcoming the challenges, which include recession, barrier from global sourcing, low productivity, lack of managerial capabilities, and lack of financing, difficulty in accessing management, technology and heavy regulatory burden. In the same way, Teoh and Chong (2008) reasoned that the major hurdles to entrepreneurship development are lack of access to credit, formal business and social networks. Muhammad et al. (2010) identified that the main problems faced by SMEs in Malaysia are the lack of knowledge regarding marketing techniques, branding, customer loyalty and also lack of good contacts with others local and international ent erprises. How the Government is Helping SMEs in Malaysia The Malaysian Government’s commitment to and involvement for the development of SMEs has been palpable since the early 1970s. The ‘New Economic Policy’, which mainly aimed to improve people’s welfare and restructure ethnic economic imbalances, was introduced in 1971. The government’s commitment to the development of SMEs is also evident in the second Industrial Master Plan (IMP2), which is then followed by the Third Industrial Master Plan (IMP3) 2006–2020; to coincide with the country’s vision for 2020.The Malaysian Government has implemented various policies and strategies under these plans. (Saleh et al, 2006) Further understanding the role of SMEs, the government’s commitment towards the development of SMEs was emphasized when the National SME Development Council (NSDC), was established in 2004. This Council embodies the highest-level policy making body to chart the direction and strategies for the development of SMEs. Some of the initiatives announced include the formulation of targeted strategies for the development of SMEs across all sectors; the establishment of a comprehensive National SME database and the expansion of development support programmes and facilities to enhance access to financing and accessibility of markets for export (Bank Negara Malaysia, 2006). The Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation (SMIDEC) was also set up, with the goal of developing capable and resilient Malaysian SMEs to be competitive in the global market. In 2007, the NSDC decided to appoint a single dedicated agency to formulate overall policies. SMIDEC was chosen to tackle this role and was transformed into the Small and Medium Enterprise Corporation Malaysia (SME Corp. Malaysia). SME Corp. Malaysia is now the central point of reference for information and advisory services for all SMEs in Malaysia. (Small and Medium Enterprise Corporation Malaysia, 2014) Saleh et al (2006) have also identified other key areas in which the Malaysian government have been helping SMEs. These areas include: 1. Developing Access to Markets The Malaysian External Trade Development Corporation (MATRADE) facilitates the participation of SMEs at trade fairs and trade exhibitions by financing their participation costs. This gives the SMEs a platform to market and showcase their companies. 2. Upgrading Technology Technology provides SMEs with the opportunity to increase their efficiency and productivity with tools to better manage their business amidst the growing demands of the current market. 3. Promoting the Application of ICT ICT allows effective and speedy communications and can ensure timely responses to market requirements. 4. Research Development (R D) and Innovation A total of RM280million was allocated to the Industry Research and Development Grant Scheme (IGS) and Commercialization of Research and Development Findings (CRDF) schemes under the 8th Malaysian Plan. 5. Productivity and Quality Assistance programs are aimed at encouraging SMEs to acquire quality standards (health, safety, environment and labour) that will assist them to leverage their strengths. 6. Awards and Recognition The government introduced various award programs to acknowledge companies that have attained excellence. Such programs include: The Prime Minister’s Industry Excellence Award Productivity and Quality management Award (PQMA) Enterprise 50 Award (E50) 7. Access to Financing and Grants The government has allocated substantial funds for borrowing by SMEs. 8. Supply of Skilled Labour In regard to SMEs, SME Corp. Malaysia collaborates with around 20 skill centres to provide training to local SMEs in technical and managerial proficiencies. The Electrical and Electronics, automotive, machinery and engineering services are some of sectors receiving priority in terms of training. References Ariff, M. and Abubakar, S.Y. (2004) Strengthening Entrepreneurship in Malaysia, pp. 2-12 Aris, N. M. (2006) SMEs: building blocks for economic growth. http://www.statistics.gov.my/conference/download.php?cat=1id_file=22. accessed 20/10/2014 ASEAN (2014) ASEAN Member States. http://www.asean.org/asean/asean-member-states accessed 15/10/2014 BNM – Bank Negara Malaysia (2004), â€Å"National SME Council Meeting†, Press Release, Bank Negara Malaysia. Foon, L. S. Eu-Gene, S. (2006) The Changing of Education in the Globalized World. Proceedings of Persidangan Kebangsaan IKS 2006, Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Utara Malaysia. Decker, M., Schiefer, G. Bulander, R. (2006). Specific challenges for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) in M-business: a SME-suitable framework for mobile services. Proceedings of the International Conference on E-Business (ICE-B 2006), Setà ºbal, Portugal: INSTICC. Department of Statistics, Malaysia (2014) Press Release Gross Domestic Product, 2nd Quarter of 2014. http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/images/stories/files/LatestReleases/gdp/2014/GDP_PRESS_RELEASE_Q2_2014.pdf accessed 20/10/2014 Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department. Eighth Malaysia Plan, 2001-2005. Kuala Lumpur: Government Printers, 2001 Harvie, C. (2004) East Asian SME capacity building, competitiveness and market opportunities in a global economy, pp 2-10 Index Mundi (2014), Malaysia Economy Profile 2014. http://www.indexmundi.com/malaysia/economy_profile.html accessed 25/10/2014 Malaysia Airlines (2014) IMPACT OF MH370 TRAGEDY DENTS MALAYSIA AIRLINES Q2 2014 RESULTS http://www.malaysiaairlines.com/my/en/corporate-info/press-room/latest/mas_q2_2014_result.html accessed 5/11/2014 Malaysian Palm Oil Council (2014) Malaysian Palm Oil Industry. http://www.mpoc.org.my/Malaysian_Palm_Oil_Industry.aspx accessed 5/11/2014 Ministry of International Trade and Industry, ‘MITI’ (1996) â€Å"Second Industrial Master Plan, 1996–2005 — Executive Summary†, MITI, Malaysia, pp. 10–13. Ministry of International Trade and industry, ‘MITI’ (2005), â€Å"The Third Industrial Master Plan (IMP3)† http://www.miti.gov.my/miti-imp3.html accessed 25/10/2014 Yusoff, M.B., Hasan, F.A., Jalil, S.A., (2000) Globalisation, Economic Policy, and Equity: The Case of Malaysia, pp. 6-15 http://www.oecd.org/countries/malaysia/2682426.pdf accessed 20/10/2014 Muhammad, Mohd Zulkifli, Char, Abdul Kamal , Yasoa, Mohd Rushdan bin and Hassan Zakiah, 2010. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Competing in the Global Business Environment: A Case of Malaysia. International Business Research, Vol.3, No1, pp. 66-72 Saleh, A.S. and Ndubisi, N.O. (2006) SME development in Malaysia: domestic and global challenges, pp. 12-25 Samad, N. A. (2007) Positioning Malaysian SMEs in the global. Proceedings of Persidangan Kebangsaan IKS 2007,Kota Kinabalu: Universiti Utara Malaysia. Second Malaysia Plan 1971-1975 (Kuala Lumpur: Government Press, 1971), p. 1. 2 SME Corp Malaysia (2014) About SME Corporation Malaysia. http://www.smecorp.gov.my/vn2/node/40 accesssed 27/10/2014 Teoh, W. M. Y. Chong, S. C. (2008) Improving Women Entrepreneurs in Small and Medium Enterprises in Malaysia: Policy Recommendations. Communication of the IBIMA, 2, pp. 31-38. The Star (2014), Malaysia’s services sector to contribute more to economy. http://www.thestar.com.my/Business/Business-News/2014/08/18/Malaysias-services-sector-to-contribute-more-to-economy/?style=biz – accessed 25/10/2014 Ritchie, B. Brindley, C. (2000). Disintermediation, disintegration and risk in the SME global supply chain. Management Decision, 38(8), 575-583. Wafa, S. A., Noordin, R. Kim-Man, M. (2005). Strategy and performance of small and medium-size enterprises in Malaysia. Proceedings of the International Conference in Economics and Finance (ICEF), Labuan: Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Wang, S. D. (2003). The implications of e-financing: implications for SMEs. Bulletin on Asia-Pacific Perspective 2003/2004. New York: United Nations. Chart 1: GDP and Annual Percentage Change

Apology Essay -- essays research papers

I am not so certain if Socrates' approach to his defense is particularly the brightest one, and it certainly is not an apology as the title has named it, but, there is a certain wisdom in the simple, plain structured arguments he presents. One of the first things he mentions, is for the jury to pardon him, in the case that he should slip into his accustomed way of speaking, just as they would pardon a foreigner for speaking in his accustomed manner. This appears to me to be a wise idea, as it is true, even in today's society that we tend to judge people on face value. People who do not speak English well, as Socrates would not have spoken "court language" very well, tend to be jusdged as stupid. Socrates next points out that Meletus is not the first man to accuse him. He adresse...

Mystery and Fear in The Withered Arm

How does the social/ historical context ad to the fear and mystery created? In the Withered Arm, Hardy uses various literary techniques to create mystery and fear. Through crafting his characters' personalities, forming events and setting a tone for his story, Hardy treats the reader as If they were one of the characters. Through the story, Information Is drip fed to us as well as the characters which creates mystery, because we experience the consequences of the characters actions along with them.With the additional background knowledge of historical and social context, the reader is already in the loop, so they can gain a deeper understanding of the story. The modern reader knows that this information could often cause much more fear and mystery back then, due to the superstitious persona's of people living in the Victorian sass's. They would have been more easily influenced therefore, in a way, a better audience, as they would have interpreted Hardy's writing exactly the way he wa nted them to- with a feeling of fear and in an atmosphere of mystery. In the first pages of The Withered Arm Hardy sets the tone for his story.Hardy creates a dark tone In chapter one. The title ‘A Loran Milkmaid' means that the story will be sad about someone who lives an Isolated life and seems to blend Into the background. This Is because In the sass It would be very common for women of a somewhat lower class to be milkmaids. The first sentence also creates mystery ‘It was an 80 cow dairy†¦ Troop of the millers, regular†¦ Were all at work', this seems like a very casual setting, very normal and plain. This is the factor, which creates mystery, as the reader thinks that it is almost too normal.The word ‘regular' signifies no break from routine, s if these people have been working this way all their lives. Another quote is the title ‘The Withered Arm' that coincides with pain, or a wound of some kind. This creates fear, as the person affected could be either dead or alive and it could be any of the characters. Hardy thus Invites the reader to engage in his story. Although setting doesn't play a strong part In the story, It Is still Important. Take the description of Road's house for example; ‘a rafter showed Like a bone protruding through the skin'.The reference to the bone creates an ghostly feeling for the reader, as It Is described n quite a graphic manner. It will also cause fear, as the connotations of ‘bone' include other gory images, like blood. This description allows the reader to empathic with Road's situation. The description of her house then goes on to say the walls were made of mud, this shows the reader Just how working class Rhoda is and how life must be a struggle for her. We now know that Farmer Lodge, whom she fell pregnant with, was of a higher class, and when he abandoned Rhoda, he clearly left her with very little possessions.In the 19th Century, no husband or an illegitimate hill would immed iately lower a woman's social status, as would lack of expensive material objects. Hardy also uses various personalities In the Withered Arm, to add detail to the story. As each character arrives In the plot, some Information Is slowly revealed. He has designed them for the sole purpose of creating mystery and fear for the reader. Gertrude, as a female character would have been objectified in the Victorian times. Characters I. E. Farmer Lodge, causes us to consider what Gertrude purpose in Holystone is.What with the age difference between her and Lodge, they would have title to discuss and this leads us to think that Lodge only wants her for her looks. For example, ‘†¦ Married experience sank into proneness and worse', shows how through the decay of Gertrude limb along with her looks, Mr. and Mrs. Lodges' connections had slowly started to deteriorate. Mentions of Gertrude wishes to ‘regain some at least of her personal beauty give us an idea of the immense stress pu t on women in Victorian times to look good for their men. This again creates mystery as we wonder what Lodge's intentions with Gertrude are.The events, which follow the arrival of Gertrude Lodge in Holystone, create a sinister atmosphere. Although Rhoda had never met the new bride, she carried a strong grudge against her, apparently caused by her ever-growing Jealousy. One night Rhoda had a supernatural vision of the young Mrs. Lodge with ‘†¦ Features shockingly distorted†¦ ‘ and ‘†¦ Wrinkled as by age†¦ ‘ In addition, Gertrude flashes her new ring at Rhoda taunting her, the figure thrust forward its left hand mockingly. This shows the reader that Rhoda has not only taken an immediate dislike to Gertrude but also creates mystery because the reader yearns to find out why.In the vision, Rhoda grabs Ghost Gertrude by the arm, which connects with a deeper emotion of envy. Road's seeming obsession with Gertrude, and finding out everything about her has led to this. Subconsciously, Rhoda may be so Jealous of Gertrude hands, which are so opposite to her own, that she may want to ruin them in some way, to prevent Lodge from being attracted to her. This is why she grabbed Gertrude in her ‘dream'. To cause her hands to Wither' and at the same time lose their youthfulness. By introducing Rhoda Brooks ‘horrid fascination' with Gertrude limbs Hardy creates fear.At first, the reader may think that her interest has something to do with Road's insecurities, which could be triggered by the fact, that she has over-worked her own hands, as she is a milkmaid. However, when Rhoda begins to inquire deeper, through the quote: move never told me what sort of hands she has†, it suggests that she wants even more knowledge. By calling Gertrude ‘she', it's similar to fear or discomfort of using her name, as if it is taboo. As the quote is an implied question, we immediately want the answer.The word ‘sort' entails t hat there are many types of hands, which seems strange to the reader. Maybe Rhoda thinks that the ‘quality of hands signifies Gertrude class. There is also already reference to the title Withered Arm'. There is almost a sickening feeling of some kind of affection towards Gertrude, but Hardy also creates fear, by never fully explaining the two women's relationship. Thomas Hardy manages to create both mystery and fear, through the question asked in the aftermath of Road's late night encounter. â€Å"What was the noise in your chimer last night†¦ You fell off the bed surely? Hardy gives the question to Road's son, who is already an inquisitive character; this gives IM an innocent incentive, to enquire without suspicion. The mystery is created for the reader because supposedly, Road's encounter was a dream, however if Road's son heard it too, we begin to question the likeliness of what we've been told. Hardy has created doubt for the reader, and we are now suspicious of both Rhoda and Gertrude. Fear is created for Rhoda as she has already assumed that â€Å"it was not a dream†, but now her uncertainties have been confirmed. The question comes directly and used it effectively.As the reader, we are both surprised and fearful of this ‘incubus' which is apparently haunting Rhoda. As the truth hits both reader and character at the same time, Hardy makes it easier for us to empathic with her. When Farmer Lodge, lies to Gertrude about Rhoda and her son, secrecy is introduced into the Withered Arm. The quote â€Å"l think he lives with his mother, a mile of two off' creates mystery, in the sense that, a son would not really be something to keep secret from one's new wife. As the reader, we know that the boy is in fact Farmer Lodge's son, so when we catch him in the lie, we wonder how trustworthy he may be.In Victorian times, ‘a mile or two off would be a very long distance, and would usually mean, outside the village. Why would such a wealt hy man, worry about a 3rd class worker from his farm, who probably lives quite a Journey away. Is Lodge ashamed of his ex-family, or is he simply trying to hide their ongoing contact from Gertrude? The reader once again asks questions, as does Gertrude, but Farmer Lodge seems to keep his answers vague in order to avoid confrontation. It is as if he is trying to conceal his old life from his new life, so we get the idea that he is living in constant fear of his two worlds colliding.This mysterious factor not only make us question whether he loud be willing to sever his ties with his other family to prevent sabotaging his new ‘sugar-daddy profile but also whether he may be hiding other, more private secrets†¦ During the women's Journey to visit Trundle, Hardy uses pathetic fallacy to create fear. The quote thick clouds made the atmosphere dark, though it was yet only early afternoon' shows how the weather sets a dampener on the mood, consequently creating tension between Ge rtrude and Rhoda.It is common knowledge, that rain and dark clouds indicate bad weather, which can generate fear not only through setting the mood. To show that something strange is about to happen a connection between gloominess and the supernatural is established, as the quote goes on to say: ‘The wind howled'. This not only personifies the wind, by giving it a voice of its own but also, howling can be linked to werewolves which are supernatural animals often used in stories to portray the supernatural, therefore creating a mysterious and unnerving feeling for the reader.By slowly, introducing negative vocabulary in this section such as ‘dismally Hardy has captivated our attention, as he prepares us for the event, which will quickly change the course of the story. This yet again shows his consideration of structure and language to create mystery and fear. The curse in this tale is the reason why Gertrude develops a Withered Arm'; however, it is not confirmed who cursed Gertrude until she visits Conjurer Trundle. In the sass's medical science was not half as advanced as it is today therefore people would turn to look for answers in the thing they knew best; superstition.This is why Gertrude unfortunate incident is explained purely through magic; Conjurer Trundle would not have enough information in order to diagnose her with medical facts to back up his sections. Hardy's purpose for Trundle, as a character, is to incorporate fear in the story. From the very beginning, the reader has reason to be suspicious of the Conjurer. The quote â€Å"they say†¦ He had powers other folks had not† spoken by Gertrude, means that he would have a unique ability to perform rituals and spells of the mystical sort in order to aid the village people in their issues.The fact that Rhoda says they also adds mystery, as often the insecurity of the Victorian townspeople, would leave people with unanswered questions. It is indefinite where this information is co ming from. The hesitation in Road's voice would show that people would have a wary attitude toward Conjurer Trundle. His name in itself has a mysterious sound as to conjure' could mean to summon'. Would this mysterious figure ‘summon' some spirits to reveal Rhoda as Gertrude enemy?Hardy has written in such detail to ensure that both reader and character are wary of his personality. Another quote, its the work of an enemy causes distrust towards Trundle from the readers and the characters view, as they wonder how Trundle could have possibly made such a quick diagnosis and thus makes the reader evaluate how reliable Trundle is. In addition, how the verdict is delivered in such a short and spunky sentence shows the reader what a solemn character he is, almost replying nationalistically as if he was preoccupied elsewhere.The suddenness of it creates fear and the reader is almost frightened of reading on. When afterwards Gertrude attitude has changed so eerily in such a short amoun t of time the reader can be confident that the ‘enemy described is Rhoda herself. On of the scariest events is the death of Road's son, not a main character in the story but an event, which abruptly ends the story; thus making it more mysterious. When Gertrude visits the jail to fulfill her last spell in order to cure her arm, there is a shocking twist of fate.The quote ‘a second shriek rent the air of the enclosure' warns the reader that there have been consequences of the actions of a character. The word ‘shriek signifies pain, and as the same word is used to describe the feeling of relief coming from Gertrude to the horror-stricken Rhoda, more fear is created. How can these two women have anything more in common? The reader is afraid of what Rhoda will do next, as Hardy has already shown us her true colors so we know exactly what she is capable of. By changing the plot, Hardy creates even more mystery.As the reader, we were sure that a happy ending would ensue, we now once again fear for Gertrude, as her ‘enemy has returned. This broadens the possibilities of what could happen next and creates both mystery and fear. Hardy has yet again induced a feeling of uncertainty for the reader, by leaving the story at such an ambiguous point. Throughout ‘The Withered Arm' we have had to use our own Judgment and instincts to try to predict the story, which is what has created a fair part of the mystery for the reader. We also fear our own opinion, of making a false accusation and surprising ourselves.Hardy has pressured us into doing this and therefore induced fear from the very beginning, while withholding information, without us even reading too deep into the story. Through leaving certain questions unanswered, I empathetic with people from the Victorian era, who would also have been kept in the dark. I appreciate the way that Hardy has molded his story to create mystery and fear, through his individual writing style. He has kept the rea der attentive, thinking through every detail carefully while making his story engaging and entertaining. Yet another successfully created literary piece by Thomas Hardy.

Health Status Of Gypsy Travellers Social Work Essays

Health Status Of Gypsy Travellers Social Work Essays Health Status Of Gypsy Travellers Social Work Essay Health Status Of Gypsy Travellers Social Work Essay A policy proposal written for an international bureau detailing ways to better the wellness and good being of the occupants of a existent community. The intent of this Policy Proposal is to foreground, and convey to public attending, the inequalities in wellness position between Gypsy Traveller populations and non-Gypsy Traveller populations and to suggest ways in which these inequalities can be addressed, tackled and reduced. To bring forth a valid, constructive proposal I will see the wellness service precedences and wellness betterment marks, every bit good as experiences, beliefs and attitudes towards wellness of Gypsy Travellers. I will be utilizing the generic term Gypsy Traveller to embrace the four separate groups ; English Gypsies, Welsh Gypsies, Scottish Gypsy Travellers and Irish Travellers. Although each of these groups has a separate cultural individuality, evident from the different linguistic communications spoken by each group, they besides portion many facets of a common cultural individuality as traditional Travellers or Romani people. For the intents of this survey I will non be including New Age Travellers, as they have opted to take on this alternate life style and are non of the same civilization. There have been a few surveies that find Gypsy Travellers ( who are described diversely as Itinerants, Travelers and Romanies, every bit good as other footings throughout these comparatively little probes ) have an inferior wellness position to non-Gypsy Traveller communities. However, there is really limited, reliable grounds and informations that proves this. At the minute wellness policy is concentrating on seeking to cut down the inequalities in wellness, in peculiar aiming at groups that are socially excluded. The section of wellness published a policy papers in 1999 titled ; Reducing Health Inequalities: an Action Report, claiming that one of the cardinal purposes of the Government s wellness scheme for England is to better the wellness of the worst off in society and to contract the wellness spread ( Department of Health. 1999: 2 ) . However, this proposal did non include any reference of the wellness, or wellness demands of Gypsy Travellers. This could be seen as an illustration of the extent to which Gypsy travelers are socially excluded. Gypsy Travellers are a socially excluded, cultural group and, harmonizing to the little scale research already undertaken, require specific wellness demands that have non been met, or even recognised by the Health section. An fact-finding survey that was undertaken in 2004 by Parry G et Al, titled The Health Status of Gypsies and Travellers in England: A study of Department of Health Inequalities in Health Research Initiative Project 121/7500. The findings from this survey confirm the concerns stated by writers of the studies that focus on the wellness of Gypsy Travellers. Parry G et Al s undertaking backs up the smaller graduated table studies findings, and shows that there is a demand for concern and action in this field. The study indicates that the wellness jobs seem to be more serious among the extremely mobile individuals within the Gypsy Traveller community ( Parry G et Al. 2004 ) Their study informs us that the consequences found for the wellness of the Gypsy Traveller s that were being studied ( analyze population ) is significantly poorer than the consequences that were obtained from people of the same age and sex but from different ethnicities and societal groups ( UK general population ) . We are informed that the survey group were between twice, and five times worse off than the general UK population, which can non merely be put down to the correlativities with age, instruction and smoke. There was besides some grounds that the people that required the wellness service the most were the 1s utilizing it the least ; this is an opposite relationship ( Parry G et Al. 2004 ) . Other consequences and findings from this study included every respondent adverting that adjustment was a major factor. Not merely is it the existent life conditions that are important to good being, but the fact that the ability to make up ones mind the type of adjustment they have, and whether or non they wish to go on a traditional travelling manner of life is improbably of import and important to their sense of independency. Many of the respondents spoke about their deficiency of pick and the intolerable conditions they are in ; another illustration of the negative position the non-Gypsy Traveller has. ( Parry G et Al. 2004 ) Parry et Al s study noted that Gypsy Traveller s find it difficult to entree health care, something which Feder touches upon in the 1989 Traveller itinerants and primary attention in the Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioner. Feder tells us that itinerant Travelers frequently have problem registering with a GP because the GP patterns frequently reject them ( Feder. 1989 ) . Even when the Gypsy Travellers are able to register with a GP there is frequently communicating troubles between the wellness worker and Gypsy Traveller with experiences of, and besides defensive outlook of, racism and bias ( Parry et al. 2004 ) . If betterments are to be made in Gypsy Traveller wellness, there needs to be a clearer thought of who is responsible for their wellness, i.e. is it all down to the Gypsy Traveller themselves to screen out wellness attention or should it be the wellness governments doing certain any Gypsy Travellers that live within their part are accounted for and supplied with full health care options. My belief as to why there are such clear health care issues within the Gypsy Traveller community is that the health care functionaries have really small counsel when it comes to handling Gypsy Travellers, every bit good as the precedence of the wellness of Gypsy Travellers being comparatively low. These issues all need to be looked in to and resolved. Having said that nevertheless, for these issues to be overcome the overall job of the Gypsy Travellers invisibility demands to be addressed foremost. However, including a class for Gypsies and Travellers on cultural monitoring signifiers is non something that can merely be added on. It should be done in audience with the Gypsy Traveller communities and requires careful staff preparation. From the surveies that have been mentioned above we can see that the wellness demands of Gypsy Traveller communities are presently non being met. The programs and commissariats that are in topographic point at the minute are non efficaciously undertaking the job and demand to be analysed and updated. Methods need to be put in topographic point that would better both entree to healthcare by Gypsy Travellers, every bit good as the service the Gypsy Traveller receives. There are some options we can look at that will greatly help the cause. The thought of puting up a partnership with the Gypsy Traveller communities in the bringing of health care has been looked at earlier. An illustration of a partnership theoretical account was developed in the signifier of a pilot primary wellness attention undertaking in 1994 in Ireland. Traveller adult females were given developing to develop their accomplishments in supplying community based wellness services to their ain community in partnership with public wellness nurse co-ordinators ( Parry et al. 2004 ) . Partnership theoretical accounts besides imply that Gypsy Travellers be actively consulted and involved in local wellness planning and service development. There are illustrations of this working good in Cambridge, Newark and Leeds where Gypsy Travellers are working in community development and in close partnership with wellness workers. Another manner in which the Gypsy Traveller voice will be heard is to sporadically ask for Gypsy Travellers to take part in any forums that exist for Black and other Cultural Minorities. This would intend that their demands are invariably out for the populace to be cognizant of and finally this would diminish the negativeness that is witnessed towards Gypsy Travellers, and cut down any barriers the Gypsy Travellers may hold come across in accessing public health care. Bettering the cultural consciousness of healthcare staff is a precedence but with the really small grounds to back up the effectivity of cultural consciousness preparation that is presently provided, this alteration should be evaluated in footings of its effectivity at altering the negative attitudes that are at the Centre of a batch of the favoritism. The Traveller Health Strategy 2003-05 of the Republic of Ireland is an illustration of inter-departmental coordination in respects to the itinerant traveler wellness. A similar inter-departmental Task Force in England would command broad support. It was clear from my research that dedicated wellness visitants for Travelers were extremely valued and played an of import function in being able to provide entree to other wellness services. Targeted service proviso has long been a pattern for a scope of groups, and should be pattern for Gypsy Traveller groups every bit good. A compelling point was made in one of my research articles ; if all physicians and wellness staff were trained to esteem people so there would be less demand for dedicated services and some participants were rather emphasized that there should be no specialist proviso that Gypsy Travellers should be treated with the same regard and attention as others in the population.